Facteurs favorisant l’apparition de la maladie de Newcastle au Tchad

Objectif : Chaque année, la maladie de Newcastle (MN) apparaît spontanément dans les ménages ruraux à partir d'octobre à mai. Ce qui lui donne un caractère saisonnier. La connaissance des causes et des facteurs saisonniers de la manifestation de la maladie de Newcastle est un atout pour sa prévention.Méthodologie et résultats : Les rapports annuels et les études menées entre 1990 et 2006 ont constitué la base de documentation. En plus, en 2007 une enquête a été organisée dans neuf (9) villes et leur périphérie. Le choix des ménages a été fait au hasard et selon la disponibilité des producteurs. Des fiches d’enquête élaborées ont porté sur des informations relatives au climat ; à la mortalité des poulets, la période d’apparition de la MN, l’âge de la volaille affectée, la pratique d’élevage. Les données collectées ont été analysées à l’aide de l’outil informatique « Excel ». La moyenne mensuelle de température a varié entre 24 et 34°C ; la manifestation de la MN a été saisonnière avec trois périodes dans l’année : deux périodes de flambées allant de novembre à février et de mars à juin et une période d’accalmie allant de juillet à octobre.Conclusion et application : La saison, les pratiques d’élevage, la densité de volailles et l’activité humaine sont des facteurs favorisant l’apparition de la MN au Tchad. La saisonnalité de la MN est étroitement liée à la forte densité de volailles (reconstitution des poulets) et l’activité humaine (travaux champêtres). La connaissance des facteurs favorisant l’apparition de la MN est un outil important de prévention et de lutte contre cette maladie.Mots clés : Maladie de Newcastle, volaille, mortalité, saisonnalité, apparition Tchad

(E)-2-Fluoro-N′-(4-nitro­benzyl­idene)benzo­hydrazide

In the title hydrazone compound, C14H10FN3O3, the dihedral angle between the two substituted benzene rings is 13.7 (3)°. The mol­ecule exists in a trans configuration with respect to the central methyl­idene unit. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked through inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the a axis

Control of the entanglement of a two-level atom in a dissipative cavity via a classical field

We investigate the entanglement dynamics and purity of a two-level atom, which is additionally driven by a classical field, interacting with a coherent field in a dissipative environment. It is shown that the amount of entanglement and the purity of the system can be improved by controlling the classical field.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Non-linear relationship between sleep duration and blood pressure in children with short stature

BackgroundEvidence regarding the relationship between sleep duration and blood pressure is controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleep duration and blood pressure in children with short stature.MethodsA total of 1,085 participants with short stature were enrolled from the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University in China. The variables involved in this study included sleep duration, anthropometric indicators and biochemical parameters. Sleep duration was evaluated in a face-to-face interview.ResultsThe average age of the 1,085 selected participants was 10.2 ± 3.5 years old, and approximately 763 (70.32%) of them were male. The results of adjusted linear regression showed that sleep duration was negatively associated with systolic blood pressure z scores (SBP-Z) and diastolic blood pressure z scores (DBP-Z) after adjusting for confounders (β −0.07, 95% CI −0.13, −0.01 P = 0.038; β −0.05, 95% CI −0.10, −0.01 P = 0.035, respectively). A nonlinear relationship was detected between sleep duration and blood pressure, including SBP-Z, DBP-Z and mean arterial pressure z scores (MAP-Z). The inflection point of the nonlinear relationship between sleep duration and SBP-Z is 10 h, and the inflection point of DBP-Z and MAP-Z is 8 h.ConclusionThis study revealed a nonlinear relationship between sleep duration and blood pressure in children with short stature. The findings suggest that the optimal sleep duration in children with short stature was 8–10 h, and sleep durations either too short or too long were associated with increased blood pressure levels

A Novel Model of Atherosclerosis in Rabbits Using Injury to Arterial Walls Induced by Ferric Chloride as Evaluated by Optical Coherence Tomography as well as Intravascular Ultrasound and Histology

This study aim was to develop a new model of atherosclerosis by FeCl3-induced injury to right common carotid arteries (CCAs) of rabbits. Right CCAs were induced in male New Zealand White rabbits (n = 15) by combination of a cholesterol-rich diet and FeCl3-induced injury to arterial walls. The right and left CCAs were evaluated by histology and in vivo intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations of 24 hours (n = 3), 8 weeks (n = 6), and 12 weeks (n = 6) after injury. Each right CCA of the rabbits showed extensive white-yellow plaques. At eight and 12 weeks after injury, IVUS, OCT, and histological findings demonstrated that the right CCAs had evident eccentric plaques. Six plaques (50%) with evident positive remodeling were observed. Marked progression was clearly observed in the same plaque at 12 weeks after injury when it underwent repeat OCT and IVUS. We demonstrated, for the first time, a novel model of atherosclerosis induced by FeCl3. The model is simple, fast, inexpensive, and reproducible and has a high success rate. The eccentric plaques and remodeling of plaques were common in this model. We successfully carried out IVUS and OCT examinations twice in the same lesion within a relatively long period of time

Electrochemical detection of mismatched DNA using a MutS probe

A direct and label-free electrochemical biosensor for the detection of the protein–mismatched DNA interaction was designed using immobilized N-terminal histidine tagged Escherichia coli. MutS on a Ni-NTA coated Au electrode. General electrochemical methods, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) and impedance spectroscopy, were used to ascertain the binding affinity of mismatched DNAs to the MutS probe. The direct results of CV and impedance clearly reveal that the interaction of MutS with the CC heteroduplex was much stronger than that with AT homoduplex, which was not differentiated in previous results (GT > CT > CC ≈ AT) of a gel mobility shift assay. The EQCM technique was also able to quantitatively analyze MutS affinity to heteroduplexes

NFATc1 regulates the transcription of DNA damage-induced apoptosis suppressor

AbstractDNA damage induced apoptosis suppressor (DDIAS), or human Noxin (hNoxin), is strongly expressed in lung cancers. DDIAS knockdown induced apoptosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells in response to DNA damage, indicating DDIAS as a potential therapeutic target in lung cancer. To understand the transcriptional regulation of DDIAS, we determined the transcription start site, promoter region, and transcription factor. We found that DDIAS transcription begins at nucleotide 212 upstream of the DDIAS translation start site. We cloned the DDIAS promoter region and identified NFAT2 as a major transcription factor (Im et al., 2016 [1]). We demonstrated that NFATc1 regulates DDIAS expression in both pancreatic cancer Panc-1 cells and lung cancer cells

Simultaneous electrochemical detection of both PSMA (+) and PSMA (-) prostate cancer cells using an RNA/peptide dual-aptamer probe

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GDF15 is elevated in mice following retinal ganglion cell death and in glaucoma patients

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Physicians often use surrogate endpoints to monitor the progression of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. These approaches are limited in their ability to quantify disease severity and progression due to inherent subjectivity, unreliability, and limitations of normative databases. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify specific molecular markers that predict or measure glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Here, we demonstrate that growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is associated with retinal ganglion cell death. Gdf15 expression in the retina is specifically increased after acute injury to retinal ganglion cell axons and in a murine chronic glaucoma model. We also demonstrate that the ganglion cell layer may be one of the sources of secreted GDF15 and that GDF15 diffuses to and can be detected in aqueous humor (AH). In validating these findings in human patients with glaucoma, we find not only that GDF15 is increased in AH of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), but also that elevated GDF15 levels are significantly associated with worse functional outcomes in glaucoma patients, as measured by visual field testing. Thus, GDF15 maybe a reliable metric of glaucomatous neurodegeneration, although further prospective validation studies will be necessary to determine if GDF15 can be used in clinical practice